Abbreviations:
DME: dried malt extract
LME: liquid malt extract
abv: alcohol by volume
Warnog (dark Klingon Ale), 3 Gallons, 11% abv:
Increasing the sugar content will increase the alcohol content up to the tolerance of the yeast. If brewing in a 1 gallon carboy, leave it in a sink or a tub for the first few days, in case of 'bubble over' - ales tend to bubble and foam very vigorously in the beginning. The more highly malted beers will bubble more - wise perhaps to use primary bucket, or use an overly large carboy and leave at least 4 inches space above waterline.
Regarding cane sugar (your regular white table sugar - sucrose): many beer brewers believe that cane sugar imparts a 'hot' or 'cidery' taste to the beer, and prefer to use corn sugar (dextrose) instead. Authorities on the subject differ in opinion. Some say that the 'cidery' taste goes away after 3-4 weeks of aging, while others attribute the off taste to be from various factors such as lack of yeast nutrient or insufficient yeast. Certainly cane sugar is much cheaper to use, and reasonable amounts (25%) should not harm the brew. Sucrose is a disaccharide made of glucose + fructose. I believe that is the fructose portion that is responsible for the 'cidery' taste. Cane sugar also lightens the body and color of beer.
Regard hopping: A reasonable guideline is 2 to 5 oz per 5 gallons, or 1 to 3 oz per 3 gallons, according to preference. Since I like my beer extra hoppy, I go for the high range.
Priming: I prime with 1/2 cup corn sugar for 3 gallons. Do not use 3/4 cup sugar for 3 gallons - you will likely get exploding bottles!
Some comments on ale: